Amr ibn al-As's conquest of Egypt in 640-642 AD marked a pivotal moment in the early Islamic expansion. Sent by Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, Amr aimed to secure Egypt, a wealthy province of the Byzantine Empire. His campaign began with strategic maneuvering, utilizing speed and surprise against the Byzantine forces, which were weakened by internal strife. Amr's troops engaged in decisive battles, including the notable Battle of Heliopolis, where they showcased superior tactics and discipline. Amr