The traditional assembly line moves products from station to station on conveyor lines or overhead cranes. As the work in process moves to a new station, workers, and increasingly robots and cobots - ...

Lean manufacturing seeks to make clear what adds value by reducing everything else. Lean is clearly not a fixed-point objective; accelerating global market competition demands operational flexibility ...

In the early days of automotive assembly, when there were no extra amenities offered in the car and therefore no variability on the line, production was a fairly straight-forward process. Today, mass ...