The human genetic blueprint is deceptively simple. Our genes are tightly wound into 46 X-shaped structures called chromosomes. Crafted by evolution, they carry DNA and replicate when cells divide, ...

Robertsonian chromosomes (ROB) are a type of structurally variant chromosome that is created when two chromosomes fuse together to form an unusual bond. Found commonly in nature, these chromosomes are ...

Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) capable of working within human cells could power advanced gene therapies, including those addressing some cancers, along with many laboratory applications, though ...

Learning to read and write is the beginning of literacy, a progression now mirrored in modern genomics. Scientists first read the human genome, a three-billion-letter biological book, in April 2003.

Kansas City, MO—September 24, 2025—Open a high school biology textbook, and you’ll see human chromosomes lined up two by two, like socks in a drawer. But in about one out of every 800 people, two ...

Human cells are typically diploid, meaning they contain two copies of each chromosome – one inherited from the mother and one from the father. This fundamental feature of human biology underpins ...