A person's sensitivity to external stimuli depends not only on the state of their nervous system, but also on their cardiac cycle. Usually we do not notice our heartbeat, paying attention to it only ...

ABNORMAL, involuntary contractions of the diaphragm are generally quite rapid and unrelated in rate or time of occurrence to the cardiac cycle. Rarely, however, the left leaf of the diaphragm has been ...

An S4 heart sound cannot be present during atrial fibrillation (atrial kick is required). An S3 heart sound cannot be present in the setting of severe mitral stenosis. An S3 heart sound can be present ...

Group 3 – Severely impaired relaxation 1 (3.6%) 2 (11.1%) 7 (38.9%) 8 (44.4%) Values are number of subjects (%). Impaired relaxation (group 1) indicates low age-specific E:A and normal E:E'; elevated ...

Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is the amount of blood in the heart’s left ventricle just before the heart contracts. While the right ventricle also has an end-diastolic volume, it’s the value ...