Nearly 1 million Russian soldiers have been killed or injured in the country’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, according to a new study, a grisly measure of the human cost of Russian President’s Vladimir Putin’s unprovoked three-year assault on its neighbor.

Russia’s invasion force is expected to suffer more than 1 million casualties by the summer as a result of the Ukraine war, with around 250,000 troops already confirmed dead, according to a new study.

Russia has suffered as many as five times the number of deaths in Ukraine as in all Russian and Soviet wars combined since World War II, a new study says